The Finance and Defence Minister Arun Jaitley, has , hit out at detractors for casually using ‘undeclared emergency’ to describe the present BJP government saying they should introspect where they were during the Emergency under Indira Gandhi.
In a Facebook post on the anniversary of the Emergency, Jaitley, the most powerful minister in the PM Narendra Modi government, has asked the critics what was their publicly declared stand during those 19-months, while stating that it has become customary for the critics of any government in India to casually use an expression ‘undeclared emergency’.
“Those making these exaggerated comments need to introspect their own roles during the Emergency. Most of them were either supporting the Emergency or were absent in any protest against the Emergency,” he wrote.
Detailing circumstances under the Emergency, the minister in the post titled “Forty Two Years Ago – The Emergency” said an era of sycophancy always suffers from a dichotomy.
“A dictatorial regime is often misled by its own propaganda. It becomes consumer of its own propaganda with nobody else believing it. It misled itself to believe that the people were in support of the dictatorship,” he said.
And this led to Indira Gandhi committing the ultimate error of ordering an election which witnessed a rebellion against her Emergency regime, he wrote.
“Today, I wonder if those who routinely use the expression ‘Undeclared Emergency’ introspect and ask themselves a question ‘where was I during those nineteen months and what was my publicly declared stand at that time’,” he said.
The emergency, he said, was an assault on all democratic institutions. It not only established the dictatorship of an individual, it created an environment of tyranny and fear in the society. Most institutions collapsed on their own.
The Emergency was declared on the midnight of 25th – 26th June, 1975.
“The ostensible and the official reason was a threat to public order but obviously this was a phoney reasoning. The real reason was that Indira Gandhi had been unseated in an election petition by the Allahabad High Court and the Supreme Court had granted only a conditional stay of the high court order.
“She wanted to continue in power and resorted to imposition of Emergency to enable this to happen. It would be in the fitness of things to remind those who loosely use a phrase ‘Undeclared Emergency’ with what happened during that period,” he wrote.
Jaitley said the first Act after the imposition of the Emergency was the detention of the political opposition under the Preventive Detention Law.
District Magistrates and Collectors were handed over blank detention forms to enable them detain thousands of leaders and workers of the political opposition with no grounds of detention being given.
“Police stations were advised to register identical FIRs, arresting ordinary political workers under the Defence of India Rules after alleging that they were either members of banned organisation or were threatening to overthrow the government.
“Nine High Courts in the country held that the detention order were justiciable and in the absence of the grounds of detention the same could be quashed. The Supreme Court decided otherwise,” he said.
The finance minister said in preparation for the Emergency, the Supreme Court had already been packed with pliable judges.
Three senior-most judges of the Supreme Court were superseded and those believing in the social philosophy of the government were in control of the court.
The Supreme Court held that an illegally detained detainee had no judicial recourse during the Emergency.
Justice HR Khanna was the only dissenting judge.
“Pre-censorship was imposed on the entire news media. Not a word could be published in the newspaper without going through the censor. An officer of the censor stayed in the premises of every major newspaper,” he said.
The entire activities of the opposition were blacked out and the media contained only governmental propaganda.
“Many of those who now complain of an ‘Undeclared Emergency’ were either active or reluctant supporters of the Emergency regime,” he said.
He said both the Constitution of India and the provisions of the Representation of the People Act were retrospectively amended, so that each ground on which Gandhi’s election had been set aside could be statutorily reversed.
“The pliable Supreme Court upheld the retrospective amendments to the provision of the Representation of the People Act by upholding the power of Parliament to amend any law retrospectively,” he said.
The opposition members of both the houses of Parliament stood detained. The numerical strength of Parliament was reduced. This gave the government an opportunity to amend the Constitution through a procured two-third majority in Parliament.
“A Parliament elected for a period of five years extended its own life beyond five years by amending the Constitution.
Opposition governments in some states were dismissed and India witnessed virtually a single individual rule. All ingredients of an absolute dictatorship existed.
“There was no personal liberty, no press freedom, Parliament became a farce, the highest court became subservient to the dictatorship and there was no room for dissent,” he said.
This, he said, now was an ideal opportunity for the dictator to perpetuate her family and, therefore, the younger son of the Prime Minister, Sanjay Gandhi, was proclaimed as the de facto successor.
The country witnessed forced sterilisation, mass scale uprooting of the poor, including the minorities from their homes and misuse of the mass media, he added.
